United Kingdom

Across three days this month, there were two major events providing meaningful insight into how the European—and potentially the global—space industry is likely to develop in the coming years. On 8 September 2026, the UK Government published its new Space Strategy (the “Strategy”), setting out the UK’s vision to be a competitive space power, backed by GBP 7.8m in funding through to 2030. Over the next two days, on 9-10 September, political leaders, agency chiefs, and industry executives from ninety countries attended the International Space Summit (the “Summit”), to debate key space policy issues, including orbital debris and European launch sovereignty.

The Strategy understandably sets out more detailed policies for the space sector in the UK than the discussions at the Summit, but we expect to see further detail from the EU in due course, particularly as the legislative process around the European Commission’s proposal for a Space Act (which we describe in more detail here) continue. In any event, however, the Strategy and French President Emmanuel Macron’s closing statement at the Summit share key themes. In particular, they both focus on government investment as a driver of the private space industry and the need for a high degree of “sovereignty” for certain space-based activities, i.e., a high degree of domestic control arising from secure space infrastructure and services, and domestic capacity to provide that infrastructure and those services. For more details about the EU’s broader push towards tech sovereignty by advancing these principles, see our prior post here.

Below, we summarize the main points arising from the Strategy and the Summit in more detail, consider further the areas of overlap and divergence, and set out potential next steps for organizations developing and utilizing space services.

Continue Reading Recent Developments in UK and European Space Policy and Industrial Strategy

The UK Government today announced that it intends to ban social media platforms from offering services to children under 16, alongside wider restrictions on certain online functionalities that the Government has identified as harmful to children.

The announcement follows the conclusion of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology’s (“DSIT”) consultation, “Growing up in the online world,” which received more than 116,000 responses (we originally wrote about that consultation here). The Government intends to bring the first regulations to Parliament before the end of the year using powers created by the Children’s Wellbeing and Schools Act 2026 (“CWSA”), with protections expected to come into force in Spring 2027. Today’s announcement is the latest in a series of significant developments reshaping the UK’s online safety framework. We summarize some of these latest developments below.

Continue Reading Online Safety in the UK: Social Media Ban for Under 16s and Other Recent Developments

On March 2, 2026, the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (“DSIT”) launched its consultation, titled “Growing up in the online world: a national conversation”. The consultation is open until 26 May 2026, after which the government will publish a summary of responses and its proposed approach. DSIT has indicated that it intends to move quickly on the consultation’s findings, drawing on newly granted powers that allow for accelerated implementation of online safety measures.

The consultation seeks views on a wide range of potential measures to strengthen children’s safety and wellbeing online, including more robust age‑assurance mechanisms, a statutory minimum age for social media, raising the UK’s age of digital consent, restrictions on certain features (such as livestreaming and disappearing messages), and new obligations for AI chatbots and generative‑AI services.

DSIT’s proposals could significantly expand regulatory expectations beyond the Online Safety Act 2023 (“OSA”)—including potential age‑based access limits (including differing safeguards as between teens and younger children), feature‑level restrictions, and enhanced duties for AI‑enabled services. Early engagement will be important to ensure that the government takes account of the views of affected service providers and understands the operational and technical implications of the measures proposed.

Continue Reading UK Government Launches Consultation on Children’s Online Experiences, Including New Obligations for AI

In Penhallurick v MD5 Ltd [2021] EWHC 293 (IPEC) the Court held that the copyright in various literary works relating to software Mr. Penhallurick created during his tenure with former employer MD5 belonged to MD5. The Court found that the works were created in the course of Mr. Penhallurick’s employment with the result that MD5 was deemed the owner of the works (under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988), despite the fact that some of the work was done from Mr. Penhallurick’s home, outside normal office hours and using his own computer.
Continue Reading UK Court Rules on Copyright over Software Developed Whilst Working at Home

On February 4, 2020, the United Kingdom’s Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation (“DEI”) published its final report on “online targeting” (the “Report”), examining practices used to monitor a person’s online behaviour and subsequently customize their experience. In October 2018, the UK government appointed the DEI, an expert committee that advises the UK government on how to maximize the benefits of new technologies, to explore how data is used in shaping peoples’ online experiences. The Report sets out its findings and recommendations.
Continue Reading Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation publishes final report on “online targeting”

On July 25, 2019, the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) published a blog on the trade-offs between different data protection principles when using Artificial Intelligence (“AI”).  The ICO recognizes that AI systems must comply with several data protection principles and requirements, which at times may pull organizations in different directions.  The blog identifies notable trade-offs that may arise, provides some practical tips for resolving these trade-offs, and offers worked examples on visualizing and mathematically minimizing trade-offs.

The ICO invites organizations with experience of considering these complex issues to provide their views.  This recent blog post on trade-offs is part of its on-going Call for Input on developing a new framework for auditing AI.  See also our earlier blog on the ICO’s call for input on bias and discrimination in AI systems here.Continue Reading ICO publishes blog post on AI and trade-offs between data protection principles

On June 3, 2019, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”), released an Interim Report on a collaboration project with The Alan Turing Institute (“Institute”) called “Project ExplAIn.” The purpose of this project, according to the ICO, is to develop “practical guidance” for organizations on complying with UK data protection law when using artificial intelligence (“AI”) decision-making systems; in particular, to explain the impact AI decisions may have on individuals. This Interim Report may be of particular relevance to organizations considering how to meet transparency obligations when deploying AI systems that make automated decisions that fall within the scope of Article 22 of the GDPR.
Continue Reading AI Update: ICO’s Interim Report on Explaining AI

On May 1, 2019, the UK’s Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (“DCMS”) launched a public consultation (“Consultation”) regarding plans to pursue new laws aimed at securing internet connected devices. The Consultation follows the UK’s publication of its final Code of Practice for Consumer IoT Security (“Code of Practice”) last October (the subject of another Covington blog available here) and is targeted at device manufacturers, IoT service providers, mobile application developers, retailers and those with a direct or indirect interest in the field of consumer IoT security.
Continue Reading IoT Update: The UK Announces Plans for New Connected Device Laws

Earlier this month, the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office published a draft code of practice (“Code”) on designing online services for children. The Code  is now open for public consultation until May 31, 2019. The Code sets out 16 standards of “age appropriate design” with which online service providers should comply when designing online services (such…
Continue Reading ICO issues draft code of practice on designing online services for children

On January 23, 2019, the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (“CMA”) announced that it had secured undertakings from 16 social media influencers, including well-known names such as Ellie Goulding, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley and Rita Ora, that commit each influencer to increased transparency when they promote or endorse brands or services on social media on behalf of businesses.

The CMA stressed that applicable UK consumer law requires that it be made clear when posts are sponsored (i.e., paid or incentivized).  The CMA also disclosed that it has sent warning letters to other (unidentified) influencers and celebrities, and indicated it will continue to consider the role of social media platforms in this issue.

This enforcement action, together with the CMA’s recent success in court against secondary ticketing website Viagogo, and more recent threat to take Viagogo to court again, is evidence that consumer protection enforcement remains high on the CMA’s agenda.

Below, we summarise key elements of the undertakings in more detail, and also refer to further available UK regulatory guidance on how to advertise on social media.Continue Reading UK Consumer Protection Regulator (“CMA”) Extracts Undertakings from Social Media Influencers to Increase Transparency in Sponsored Posts